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Don Martín Cortés y Zúñiga, 2nd Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca (1532–1589) was the son and designated heir of Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés by his second wife, Doña Juana de Zúñiga. Don Martín shared his name with an elder half-brother, whose mother was Doña Marina. ==Biography== Don Martín Cortés y Zǘñiga was born in Cuernavaca, (in what is now the post-independence state of Morelos), in the then-viceroyalty of New Spain, now Mexico. He had an older half-brother with the same name Martín Cortés (el Mestizo), 1523–1568, son of Hernán Cortés y La Malinche, nicknamed "El Mestizo". Illegitimate by birth, Doña Marina's son Martín lacked the noble title of ''don'', which his younger, legitimate half-brother held.〔An extensive discussion of the use of the titles ''don'' and ''doña'' in early Spanish America is found in 〕 Don Martín also had three sisters, Doña María Cortés y Zúñiga, Doña Catalina Cortés y Zúñiga, and Doña Juana Cortés y Zúñiga. In this article ''Don'' Martín Cortés Zúñiga is referred to as "''Don'' Martín" while any reference to his brother will be suffixed "el Mestizo". According to one modern assessment, "Martín Cortés was everything his father was not....In place of courage, diplomatic genius, and a talent for leadership, () Martín faced with a straightforward arrogance that he claimed as his birthright." Don Martín and his brother Don Luis traveled with their father to Spain in 1540, to serve King Charles I of Spain, and later his successor Philip II of Spain. As a young man, Don Martín became friends with the then Prince Philip. With Prince Philip, he participated in the campaign against the rebellious Low Countries.〔 Through his friendship with Prince Philip, who became Philip II following his father's abdication, Don Martín gained security of title to his estates in New Spain, who "commanded that all the estates and Indian tributaries granted to Hernán Cortés in recognition of his conquests be passed on to his son." During his residence in Spain, he married his cousin, Doña Ana Ramírez de Arellano, daughter of the Count of Aguilar, Don Pedro Ramírez de Arellano.〔 He maintained close ties with the aristocracy and intelligentsia of the moment, such as the writer Francisco López de Gómara, whom he sponsored to write the biography of his father Hernán Cortés. Don Martín, with brother Don Luis and half brother Martín el Mestizo, returned to New Spain in 1563,met by "raucous welcoming parties", particularly of disgruntled encomenderos, and he was met by the viceroy himself, Don Luis de Velasco. At the time, during a period of disturbances in the city of Mexico City, Don Martín, the second Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca, was the richest person in New Spain, with many encomiendas in various parts of New Spain, as well as the entailed estate as Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca. In Francisco López de Gómara's dedication of his biography of Cortés to its sponsor Don Martín, he says to the young Marquis in admonition, "in the first instance you have wealth; in the second, fame, for honor and riches go hand in hand. At the same time your inheritance obligates you to emulate the deeds of your father, Hernán Cortés, and to spend well what he left you." Martín Cortés acquired the "bad habit," that habit acquired in "los Países Bajos" (present-day Netherlands), of toasting. Toasting offended some elites' sense of good manners in Nueva España. However, more than a breach of etiquette were Don Martín's attempt to be considered the most important man in New Spain—rather than the crown's appointed viceroy. Don Martín hijacked the visit of a royal inspector, Jerónimo de Valderrama, who under normal protocols would have been met by the viceroy and stayed in the viceregal palace. Don Martín's welcoming party greeted Valderrama first and persuaded him to stay with him rather than the viceroy. Although this might seem trivial it was a strong signal that the 2nd Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca was challenging the viceroy's power. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Martín Cortés, 2nd Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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